Urban Planning
The increased availability of high-resolution satellite images and aerial photography in support of detailed terrain surface elevation models assists urban planners and municipal managers to create a model and visualize the urban space in three dimensions. 3D visualization models have a variety of applications in geography and urban studies. Accurate cartographic feature extraction, map updating, digital city models and 3D city models in urban areas are essential for many applications, such as military operations, disaster management, mapping of buildings and their heights , simulation of new buildings, updating and keeping cadastral databases current, change detection and virtual reality. While they are generally used to simply visualize the built environment, there are early signs of them being used as 3D interfaces to more sophisticated simulation models. One of the major requirements for urban development is to have the accurate and timely information in geospatial forms that allows generation and use of different maps, GIS data and applications. Information of urban areas that characterizes the Social and economic environment, Physical Environment, services and amenities are critical in planning and development of urban areas. At the same time, the urban area also requires Urban Management a details of town planning or municipal functions – especially, regulation of land uses, building by-laws for management activities in urban planning, taxation and revenue, urban amenities planning, urban infrastructure management etc Every urban area needs GIS – a comprehensive map-based Geographical Information Systems (GIS) that powers urban planning and urban management.